The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This finely illuminated and iconographically rich book of hours was made in England at the end of the thirteenth century. The manuscript is incomplete and misbound. Its main artist can also be found at work in a Bible (Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Auct. D.3.2) and a psalter (Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge Ms. O.4.16). The manuscript contains a number of unusual texts, including the Hours of Jesus Crucified and the Office of St. Catherine. The patron of the manuscript is not clear; a woman is depicted as praying in many of the initials, but rubrics in the Office of the Dead mention "freres" (brothers). The imagery is inventive, and the Hours of Christ Crucified are graced with images depicting the funeral of Reynard the Fox in its margins. In the absence of a calendar, it is not possible to locate the origin of the manuscript precisely.
Written in Gothic bookhand (textura semi-quadrata)
Principal cataloger: Noel, William
Principal cataloger: Smith, Kathryn
Cataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Editor: Noel, William
Copy editor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Dutschke, Consuelo
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, no. 169, p. 784.
Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949, p. 56, no. 153.
Brieger, Peter H. English Art 1216-1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957, p. 222.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book. London: Philosophical Library, 1957, p. 273.
McCulloch, Florence. "The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 25-26 (1962-1963): 8-27.
Randall, L. M. C. "Humor and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours." Apollo 58 (1966): 482-488.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and J. J. G. Alexander. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385. Vol. 5. London: Harvey Miller, 1986, pp. 24-26, no. 15.
Alexander, J. J. G., and Paul Binski, eds. Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1987, pp. 356-357, no. 359.
Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988, pp. 102, 221-222.
Randall, Lilian M. C. "An Elephant in the Litany: Further Thoughts on an English Book of Hours in the Walters Art Gallery (W. 102)," in Willene B. Clark and Meradith T. McMunn, eds., Beasts and Birds of the Middle Ages. The Bestiary and Its Legacy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989), 106-133.
Camille, Michael. Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 23-30.
Varty, Kenneth. Reynard, Renart, Reinart: And Other Foxes in Medieval England. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press; London: Eurospan, 1999, p. 141.
Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993, no. IX.3.
Gies, Joseph and Frances. Scenes of Medieval Life. London: Folio Society. 2002, p. 158, v. 2
Bildhauer, Bettina and Robert Mills, eds. The Monstrous Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 2003, pp. 47-48, fig. 7 (fol. 56v)
Les Musées de Strasbourg. Homme-animal: Histoires d'un face à face. Strasbourg: Éditions des Musées de Strasbourg. 2004, p. 99, fig. III 11 (fol. 56v)
Bagnoli, Martina. The Medieval World. Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2011, p. 149, fig. 131
Dillon, Emma. The Sense of Sound: Musical Meaning in France, 1260-1330. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 243-286, figs. 7.7-18.
Morgan, Nigel, "English Books of Hours, c. 1240–c. 1480." In Books of Hours Reconsidered, edited by Sandra Hindman and James H. Marrow, 66-95. London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2013; 67, 80, 94
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
England
Ca. 1300 CE
book
Non-original Binding
Early twentieth-century worn red velvet over pasteboard
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842-ca.1400).
Created in England, ca. 1300, for an unknown patron
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased ca. 1930
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
England
Ca. 1300 CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is French, Old (842-ca.1400).
Created in England, ca. 1300, for an unknown patron
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased ca. 1930
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This finely illuminated and iconographically rich book of hours was made in England at the end of the thirteenth century. The manuscript is incomplete and misbound. Its main artist can also be found at work in a Bible (Oxford, Bodleian Library Ms. Auct. D.3.2) and a psalter (Cambridge, Trinity College Cambridge Ms. O.4.16). The manuscript contains a number of unusual texts, including the Hours of Jesus Crucified and the Office of St. Catherine. The patron of the manuscript is not clear; a woman is depicted as praying in many of the initials, but rubrics in the Office of the Dead mention "freres" (brothers). The imagery is inventive, and the Hours of Christ Crucified are graced with images depicting the funeral of Reynard the Fox in its margins. In the absence of a calendar, it is not possible to locate the origin of the manuscript precisely.
Written in Gothic bookhand (textura semi-quadrata)
Principal cataloger: Noel, William
Principal cataloger: Smith, Kathryn
Cataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Editor: Noel, William
Copy editor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Dutschke, Consuelo
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, no. 169, p. 784.
Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949, p. 56, no. 153.
Brieger, Peter H. English Art 1216-1307. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957, p. 222.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book. London: Philosophical Library, 1957, p. 273.
McCulloch, Florence. "The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 25-26 (1962-1963): 8-27.
Randall, L. M. C. "Humor and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours." Apollo 58 (1966): 482-488.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and J. J. G. Alexander. A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles. Gothic Manuscripts 1285-1385. Vol. 5. London: Harvey Miller, 1986, pp. 24-26, no. 15.
Alexander, J. J. G., and Paul Binski, eds. Age of Chivalry: Art in Plantagenet England 1200-1400. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1987, pp. 356-357, no. 359.
Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. New York: George Braziller, 1988, pp. 102, 221-222.
Randall, Lilian M. C. "An Elephant in the Litany: Further Thoughts on an English Book of Hours in the Walters Art Gallery (W. 102)," in Willene B. Clark and Meradith T. McMunn, eds., Beasts and Birds of the Middle Ages. The Bestiary and Its Legacy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989), 106-133.
Camille, Michael. Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art. London: Reaktion; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992, pp. 23-30.
Varty, Kenneth. Reynard, Renart, Reinart: And Other Foxes in Medieval England. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press; London: Eurospan, 1999, p. 141.
Mellinkoff, Ruth. Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1993, no. IX.3.
Gies, Joseph and Frances. Scenes of Medieval Life. London: Folio Society. 2002, p. 158, v. 2
Bildhauer, Bettina and Robert Mills, eds. The Monstrous Middle Ages. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. 2003, pp. 47-48, fig. 7 (fol. 56v)
Les Musées de Strasbourg. Homme-animal: Histoires d'un face à face. Strasbourg: Éditions des Musées de Strasbourg. 2004, p. 99, fig. III 11 (fol. 56v)
Bagnoli, Martina. The Medieval World. Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2011, p. 149, fig. 131
Dillon, Emma. The Sense of Sound: Musical Meaning in France, 1260-1330. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 243-286, figs. 7.7-18.
Morgan, Nigel, "English Books of Hours, c. 1240–c. 1480." In Books of Hours Reconsidered, edited by Sandra Hindman and James H. Marrow, 66-95. London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2013; 67, 80, 94
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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