The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This deluxe version of Gratian's Decretum was created ca. 1280-90, most likely in Hainaut. The lively decoration of the manuscript indicates a marked taste for narrative, and there are thirty-seven historiated initials. The gloss work was completed by Bartholomew of Brescia. At first, Paris would seem to be the most likely place of origin, given that it was the leading center for the study of canon law. However, this particular manuscript exhibits scribal features that suggest its place of origin as being the Cistercian abbey of Cambron in Hainaut. Furthermore, Abbot Baudouin de Bousso, whose tenure at the abbey was from 1283 to 1293, was schooled in theology at the University of Paris, and he would eventually endorse the production of many fine manuscripts while at Cambron. In fact, the catalyst for this endeavor seems to have been the Beaupré Antiphonary (W.759-761), which was was created at Cambron during the 1280s. Stylistic features of W.133 seem to have connections with the Beaupré Antiphonary. For example, Cistercian monks are shown in three extant illuminations throughout three of the antiphonary volumes; these monks are pictured in brown habits similar to the type worn by clerics in W.133. The reliance upon Cistercian precedents for textual and design features associates W.133 with the Cistercian abbey at Cambron. However, more remains to be confirmed by further inspection of the output of the scriptorium at Cambron.
Textura semi-quadrata
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Dennis, Nathan S
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Wallace, Susan
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Cockerell, S. C. "LXXXIII. Antiphoner of the Cistercian Abbey of Beaupré, near Grammont." Entry in A Descriptive Catalogue of Twenty Illuminated Manuscripts nos. LXXV to XCIV . . . in the Collection of Henry Yates Thompson. Cambridge, 1907, 55-74; p. 74.
Miner, D. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 65.
Rickert, E. Chaucer's World. New York, 1949; ill. opposite p. 90.
Kuttner, S. "Manuscripts and Incunabula Exhibited at the Inauguration of the Institute in May 1956." Traditio 12 (1956); p. 613.
Petry, Ray. History of Christianity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1962-64; ill. (f. 174).
Philbrook Art Center. Medieval Art. Tulsa: Trustees of the Philbrook Art Center, 1965; no. 61.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1967; p. 380, pl. VII-5.
Miner, D. "Since De Ricci--Western Illuminated Manuscripts Aquired since 1934: A Report in Two Parts." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 31-32 (1968-69), 40-117; pp. 53, 65, fig. 8.
Stones, M. A. "Illumination of the French Prose Lancelot in Flanders, Belgium, and Paris, 1250-1340." Ph.D. diss., University of London, 1970-71; p. 236.
Melnikas, A. "The Corpus of the Miniatures in the Manuscripts of Decretum Gratiani." Studi Gratiana, 16-18. Rome, 1975; vol. 1: pp. 147 (fig. 18), 176 (fig. 14), 224 (figs. 13, 132), 256 (figs. 22, 134), 286 (figs. 15, 137), 310 (figs. 97, 143); vol. 2: pp. 334 (figs. 14, 146), 366 (figs. 17, 149), 392 (figs. 12, 152), 414 (figs. 9, 162), 444 (figs. 21, 172), 469 (figs. 13, 176), 496 (figs. 16, 179), 526 (figs. 17, 183), 555 (figs. 15, 196), 585 (figs. 17, 198), 637 (figs. 15, 202), 665 (figs. 17, 204), 694 (figs. 15, 206), 758 (figs. 13, 213), 785 (figs. 12, 233), 813 (figs. 14, 243), 841 (figs. 13, 247); vol. 3: pp. 870 (figs. 14, 253), 895 (figs. 9, 260), 921 (figs. 14, 263), 948 (figs. 13, 264), 975 (figs. 12, 267), 1005 (figs. 11, 269), 1037 (figs. 11, 277), 1090 (figs. 11, 269), 1119 (figs. 14, 304), 1155 (figs. 18, 310), 1185 (figs. 13, 311).
Given-Wilson, C., and A. Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984; p. 116, pl. 1.
Walker, S. S. "Free Consent and Marriage of Feudal Wards in Medieval England." Journal of Medieval History 8 (1982): 123-134; pp. 125, fig. 1.
Von Euw, A., and Plotzek, J. M. Die Handschriften der Sammulung Ludwig, vol. 4. Cologne, 1985; 55.
Larbage, M. W. Women in Medieval Life. London, 1986; p. 31, fig. 8.
Brundage, J. A. Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987; pl. 14.
Leyser, Henrietta, and Hayden Middleton. Medieval Women: Presenting the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988; ill. of fol. 277.
Murray, J. "On the Origins and Roles of 'Wise Women' in Causes for Annulment on the Grounds of Male Impotence." Journal of Medieval History 16 (1990): 235-249; p. 244, fig. 1.
Saint Bernard & le Monde cistercien, ed. L. Pressouyre and T. N. Kinder, exh. cat., Paris, La Conciergerie, (1990); p. 225, referenced under no. 70 as W.760, cat. no. 219B.
Zacour, N. Jews and Saracens in the Consilia of Oldradus de Ponte. Studies and Texts 100. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1990; pp. 1, 71, 91, 133, front cover ill.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. "Le Miroir du Canoniste: A propos d'un manuscrit du Decret de Gratien de la Walters Art Gallery." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 49-50 (1991-92): 67-82; pp. 67-81, figs. 1-14.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and James le Palmer. Omme bonum: A Fourteenth-Century Encyclopedia of Universal Knowledge: British Library MSS Royal 6 E VI-6 E VII. London: Harvey Miller, 1996; 160 (nn. 12, 13).
Randall, Lillian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 19-25, cat. no. 218.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. "L'Historien et les Images." In Der Blick auf die Bilder: Kunstgeschichte und Geschichte im Gespräch. Edited by Klaus Krüger and Otto Gerhard Oexle. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 1997; pp. 23, 46 (fig. 4).
Hassig, Debra. "Sex in the Bestiaries." In The Mark of the Beast: The Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature, 71-98. Edited by Debra Hassig and Debra Higgs Strickland. London: Routledge, 1999; p. 90 (n. 53 for p. 80).
Günther, Jörn. “Johannes Gratianus: Concordantia discordantium canonum: Illuminated Manuscript on Vellum, Italy, Bologna, 1300.” In The Art of the Book from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance: A Journey Through a Thousand Years. Exhibition Catalogue, John J. Burns Library of Rare Books and Special Collections, Boston Library, October 12-November 19, 2000. Edited by Jörn Günther and Robert O’Neill, 50-51. Boston: Trustees of Boston College, 2000; pp. 50-51, cat. no. 18.
L'Engle, Susan. "The Naked Bishop: Baring the Body to Express the Law." In Tributes to Lucy Freeman Sandler: Studies in Illuminated Manuscripts. Edited by Kathryn A. Smith and Carol H. Krinsky, 111-123. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publications, 2007; p. 118, 123 (fig. 6).
Newman, Paul B. Growing Up in the Middle Ages. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2007; pp. 151-153 (fig. 31), 207-208 (fig. 33).
Karras, Ruth Mazo. Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008; p. 98, fig. 1.
McLaren, Angus. Impotence: A Cultural History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008; p. 34, fig. 2.
Sbriccoli, Mario. Storia del diritto penale. Milan: Giuffrè Editore, 2009; p. 159.
Wittekind, Susanne. "Der König als Gesetzgeber und Rechstgarant in den Miniaturen de Libro de Leyes (London, British Library, Add. Ms. 20787)." In Ausbildung des Rechts: Systematisierung und Vermittlung von Wissen in mittelalterlichen Rechthandschriften. Edited by Kristen Böse and Susanne Wittekind. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2009; p. 149.
Portmann, John. The Ethics of Sex and Alzheimer's. New York: Routledge, 2013; p. 17.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Hainaut
Ca. 1280-90 CE
book
Non-original Binding
Rebound in England in ca. 1900 with crushed-brown leather (the binding is listed as tan in the 1879 Catalogue illustré des livres précieux manuscrits et imprimés faisant partie de la bibliothèque de Ambroise Firmin-Didot); front and back covers blind-tooled with rectangular frames with alternating arabesques and vinescroll motifs and circular depressions with fleurons in the corners; fore-edges divided by vertical lines interspersed with arabesques framed by two sets of horizontal lines; seven ribs on spine with fleurons centered in each of the compartments
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Produced ca. 1280-90, probably at the Cistercian abbey in Cambron, Hainaut
Possibly part of the personal library of Pedro Álvarez de Osorio, marqués de Astorga
Acquired by the Marqués de Astorga
Acquired by Ambroise Firmin-Didot, a bookseller in Paris, and sold at auction on May 29, 1879
Ex libris stamp of "F. Liechtenstein. Bibliothek" appears at the bottom of fol. 1r
Acquired by William Morris, whose bookplate appears at the top of the front pastedown, and whose inscription "William Morris, June 26th 1896, Folkestone" appears at the top of flyleaf i, r
Sold in London at auction
Acquired by Laurence W. Hodson of Compton Hall, Wolverhampton, whose bookplate appears at the bottom of the front pastedown
Sold at Sotheby's auction in London on December 4, 1906, by Laurence W. Hodson to Quaritch, a London bookseller
Purchased by Henry Walters, Baltimore, between 1906 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Hainaut
Ca. 1280-90 CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Produced ca. 1280-90, probably at the Cistercian abbey in Cambron, Hainaut
Possibly part of the personal library of Pedro Álvarez de Osorio, marqués de Astorga
Acquired by the Marqués de Astorga
Acquired by Ambroise Firmin-Didot, a bookseller in Paris, and sold at auction on May 29, 1879
Ex libris stamp of "F. Liechtenstein. Bibliothek" appears at the bottom of fol. 1r
Acquired by William Morris, whose bookplate appears at the top of the front pastedown, and whose inscription "William Morris, June 26th 1896, Folkestone" appears at the top of flyleaf i, r
Sold in London at auction
Acquired by Laurence W. Hodson of Compton Hall, Wolverhampton, whose bookplate appears at the bottom of the front pastedown
Sold at Sotheby's auction in London on December 4, 1906, by Laurence W. Hodson to Quaritch, a London bookseller
Purchased by Henry Walters, Baltimore, between 1906 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This deluxe version of Gratian's Decretum was created ca. 1280-90, most likely in Hainaut. The lively decoration of the manuscript indicates a marked taste for narrative, and there are thirty-seven historiated initials. The gloss work was completed by Bartholomew of Brescia. At first, Paris would seem to be the most likely place of origin, given that it was the leading center for the study of canon law. However, this particular manuscript exhibits scribal features that suggest its place of origin as being the Cistercian abbey of Cambron in Hainaut. Furthermore, Abbot Baudouin de Bousso, whose tenure at the abbey was from 1283 to 1293, was schooled in theology at the University of Paris, and he would eventually endorse the production of many fine manuscripts while at Cambron. In fact, the catalyst for this endeavor seems to have been the Beaupré Antiphonary (W.759-761), which was was created at Cambron during the 1280s. Stylistic features of W.133 seem to have connections with the Beaupré Antiphonary. For example, Cistercian monks are shown in three extant illuminations throughout three of the antiphonary volumes; these monks are pictured in brown habits similar to the type worn by clerics in W.133. The reliance upon Cistercian precedents for textual and design features associates W.133 with the Cistercian abbey at Cambron. However, more remains to be confirmed by further inspection of the output of the scriptorium at Cambron.
Textura semi-quadrata
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Dennis, Nathan S
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Wallace, Susan
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Cockerell, S. C. "LXXXIII. Antiphoner of the Cistercian Abbey of Beaupré, near Grammont." Entry in A Descriptive Catalogue of Twenty Illuminated Manuscripts nos. LXXV to XCIV . . . in the Collection of Henry Yates Thompson. Cambridge, 1907, 55-74; p. 74.
Miner, D. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 65.
Rickert, E. Chaucer's World. New York, 1949; ill. opposite p. 90.
Kuttner, S. "Manuscripts and Incunabula Exhibited at the Inauguration of the Institute in May 1956." Traditio 12 (1956); p. 613.
Petry, Ray. History of Christianity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1962-64; ill. (f. 174).
Philbrook Art Center. Medieval Art. Tulsa: Trustees of the Philbrook Art Center, 1965; no. 61.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1967; p. 380, pl. VII-5.
Miner, D. "Since De Ricci--Western Illuminated Manuscripts Aquired since 1934: A Report in Two Parts." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 31-32 (1968-69), 40-117; pp. 53, 65, fig. 8.
Stones, M. A. "Illumination of the French Prose Lancelot in Flanders, Belgium, and Paris, 1250-1340." Ph.D. diss., University of London, 1970-71; p. 236.
Melnikas, A. "The Corpus of the Miniatures in the Manuscripts of Decretum Gratiani." Studi Gratiana, 16-18. Rome, 1975; vol. 1: pp. 147 (fig. 18), 176 (fig. 14), 224 (figs. 13, 132), 256 (figs. 22, 134), 286 (figs. 15, 137), 310 (figs. 97, 143); vol. 2: pp. 334 (figs. 14, 146), 366 (figs. 17, 149), 392 (figs. 12, 152), 414 (figs. 9, 162), 444 (figs. 21, 172), 469 (figs. 13, 176), 496 (figs. 16, 179), 526 (figs. 17, 183), 555 (figs. 15, 196), 585 (figs. 17, 198), 637 (figs. 15, 202), 665 (figs. 17, 204), 694 (figs. 15, 206), 758 (figs. 13, 213), 785 (figs. 12, 233), 813 (figs. 14, 243), 841 (figs. 13, 247); vol. 3: pp. 870 (figs. 14, 253), 895 (figs. 9, 260), 921 (figs. 14, 263), 948 (figs. 13, 264), 975 (figs. 12, 267), 1005 (figs. 11, 269), 1037 (figs. 11, 277), 1090 (figs. 11, 269), 1119 (figs. 14, 304), 1155 (figs. 18, 310), 1185 (figs. 13, 311).
Given-Wilson, C., and A. Curteis. The Royal Bastards of Medieval England. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984; p. 116, pl. 1.
Walker, S. S. "Free Consent and Marriage of Feudal Wards in Medieval England." Journal of Medieval History 8 (1982): 123-134; pp. 125, fig. 1.
Von Euw, A., and Plotzek, J. M. Die Handschriften der Sammulung Ludwig, vol. 4. Cologne, 1985; 55.
Larbage, M. W. Women in Medieval Life. London, 1986; p. 31, fig. 8.
Brundage, J. A. Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987; pl. 14.
Leyser, Henrietta, and Hayden Middleton. Medieval Women: Presenting the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988; ill. of fol. 277.
Murray, J. "On the Origins and Roles of 'Wise Women' in Causes for Annulment on the Grounds of Male Impotence." Journal of Medieval History 16 (1990): 235-249; p. 244, fig. 1.
Saint Bernard & le Monde cistercien, ed. L. Pressouyre and T. N. Kinder, exh. cat., Paris, La Conciergerie, (1990); p. 225, referenced under no. 70 as W.760, cat. no. 219B.
Zacour, N. Jews and Saracens in the Consilia of Oldradus de Ponte. Studies and Texts 100. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1990; pp. 1, 71, 91, 133, front cover ill.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. "Le Miroir du Canoniste: A propos d'un manuscrit du Decret de Gratien de la Walters Art Gallery." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 49-50 (1991-92): 67-82; pp. 67-81, figs. 1-14.
Sandler, Lucy Freeman, and James le Palmer. Omme bonum: A Fourteenth-Century Encyclopedia of Universal Knowledge: British Library MSS Royal 6 E VI-6 E VII. London: Harvey Miller, 1996; 160 (nn. 12, 13).
Randall, Lillian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 19-25, cat. no. 218.
Schmitt, Jean-Claude. "L'Historien et les Images." In Der Blick auf die Bilder: Kunstgeschichte und Geschichte im Gespräch. Edited by Klaus Krüger and Otto Gerhard Oexle. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 1997; pp. 23, 46 (fig. 4).
Hassig, Debra. "Sex in the Bestiaries." In The Mark of the Beast: The Medieval Bestiary in Art, Life, and Literature, 71-98. Edited by Debra Hassig and Debra Higgs Strickland. London: Routledge, 1999; p. 90 (n. 53 for p. 80).
Günther, Jörn. “Johannes Gratianus: Concordantia discordantium canonum: Illuminated Manuscript on Vellum, Italy, Bologna, 1300.” In The Art of the Book from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance: A Journey Through a Thousand Years. Exhibition Catalogue, John J. Burns Library of Rare Books and Special Collections, Boston Library, October 12-November 19, 2000. Edited by Jörn Günther and Robert O’Neill, 50-51. Boston: Trustees of Boston College, 2000; pp. 50-51, cat. no. 18.
L'Engle, Susan. "The Naked Bishop: Baring the Body to Express the Law." In Tributes to Lucy Freeman Sandler: Studies in Illuminated Manuscripts. Edited by Kathryn A. Smith and Carol H. Krinsky, 111-123. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publications, 2007; p. 118, 123 (fig. 6).
Newman, Paul B. Growing Up in the Middle Ages. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2007; pp. 151-153 (fig. 31), 207-208 (fig. 33).
Karras, Ruth Mazo. Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008; p. 98, fig. 1.
McLaren, Angus. Impotence: A Cultural History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008; p. 34, fig. 2.
Sbriccoli, Mario. Storia del diritto penale. Milan: Giuffrè Editore, 2009; p. 159.
Wittekind, Susanne. "Der König als Gesetzgeber und Rechstgarant in den Miniaturen de Libro de Leyes (London, British Library, Add. Ms. 20787)." In Ausbildung des Rechts: Systematisierung und Vermittlung von Wissen in mittelalterlichen Rechthandschriften. Edited by Kristen Böse and Susanne Wittekind. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2009; p. 149.
Portmann, John. The Ethics of Sex and Alzheimer's. New York: Routledge, 2013; p. 17.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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