The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This richly illuminated Book of Hours was created ca. 1420-30 for Elizabeth van Munte and her husband Daniel Rym. The couple is represented throughout the manuscript in a number of ways. Rym's heraldic shield is held by a dragon on fol. 42r, while van Munte's heraldry is found on fol. 18r. Both are also depicted in donor portraits, with van Munte kneeling on fol. 62r and Daniel Rym kneeling before his namesake, St. Daniel, on fol. 168v. Made for personal use, this exquisite Book of Hours begins each hour with a full-page miniature. Gold is widely used in the illumination, and drolleries throughout the book depict playful figures and hybrids engaging in a variety of activities, such as reading texts, kneeling in devotion, playing with or climbing the foliate fillet of the initials, or emerging from large flowers. Especially touching is a sweet couple embracing on the folio facing the Deposition and the Veronica (fol. 118r).
Written in textura
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Herbert, Lynley
Cataloger: Herbold, Rebekah
Cataloger: Valle, Chiara
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Wallace, Susan
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbert, Lynley
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Izer, Emily
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
À Kempis, Thomas. Imitation of Jésus-Christ. Paris, n.d. (ca. 1880); pp. 41-42.
Labitte, A. Les manuscrits et l'arte de les orner. . . . Paris, 1893; pp. 213-219.
Weale, W. H. J. Bookbindings and Rubbings of Bindings in the National Art Library South Kensington Museum. Vol. 1. London, 1898; p. lxvii.
Leroquais, V. Les lives d'heures manuscrits de la Bibliothéques nationale. Paris, 1927; pp. 53-54.
De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 787, cat. no. 190.
Bynvack, A. W. "Kroniek der noord-Nederlandsche miniaturen, III." Oudheikundig Jaarboek 4 (1940); p. 32, Figs. 1, 2.
Leroqauis, V. Supplément aux lives d'heures manuscrits de la Bibliothéques nationale: Acquisitions récentes et donation Smith Lesouëf. Macon, 1943; 8-9.
De Tolnay, C. "An Early Dutch Panel: A Contribution to the Panel Painting before Bosch." In Miscellanea Leo van Puyvelde. Brussels: Editions de la Conaissance, 1949; p. 53.
Meis, M. Painting in Florence and Siena after the Black Death. Princeton, 1951; p. 143.
Panofsky, E. Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge, MA, 1953; pp. 114, 118, 119, 121, figs. 186-189.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1967; p. 440.
Dhanens, E. "Le scriptorium des Hieronymites à Grand." Scriptorium 23 (1969): 361-379; pp. 362, 373.
Declassé, L. M. J. "An Exhibtion of Netherlandish Book Illumination April 22 through May 12." [Oberlin College]. Allen Memorial Art Bulletin 17 (1960): 94-113; pp. 108, 110-111.
Lane, B. G. "The Development of the Medieval Devotional Figure." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania 1970; pp. 180-181, 184.
Gorrisen, F. Das Stunderbuch der Katharina von Kleve: Analyse and Kommentar. Berlin, 1973; p. 340.
Bowles, E. A. "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery." Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 32 (1976): 719-726; pp. 720, 723, 725.
Harthan, J. The Book of Hours. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1977; p. 181.
Randall, L. M. C. The Diary of George A. Lucas: An American Art Agent in Paris, 1857-1909. Princeton, 1979; p. 19.
Randall, L.M.C. "A Nineteenth-Century 'Medieval' Prayerbook Woven in Lyon." In Art, the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of H. W. Janson, edited by M. Barasch, L. F. Sander, and P. Egan, 651-668. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981; p. 655, figs. 16-17.
Rogers, N. J. "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century." M. Phil., Cambridge University, 1982; pp. 25, 127, 152, 264, 267, 293.
Dhanens, E. De artistieke Uitrusting van de Sint-Janskerk te Gent in de 15de eeww. Academiae Analectae 44.1 (1983); pp. 132-133.
Kraus, H. P. Cimelia: A Catalogue . . . in Commemoration of the Sale of the Ludwig Collection. New York, 1983; cat. no. 165; pp. 68, referenced under lot 12, 156.
Cardon, B., R. Lievens, and M. Smeyers. Typologische Taferelen wit het leven van Jezus: A Manuscript from the Gold Scrolls Group (Bruges, ca. 1440) in the Pierpont Morgan Library New York, Ms. Morgan 649. Louvain, 1985; p. 148.
Dhanens, E. Actum Gandavi: Zeven bijdragen in verband met de Oude Kunst te Gent. Academiae Analectae 48.2 (1987); pp. 46-47, fig. 20.
Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987.
Martens, M. P. J. De muurschilderkunst te Ghent (12de tot 16de eeww). Brussels, 1989; pp. 101, 102.
Smeyers, M. "Pre-Eyckian Manuscripts: Mass Production and Workshop Practices 1." In Le dessin sousjacent dans la peinture, edited by R. van Schoute and H. Verougstraete-Marcq, 59-74. Louvain: Université Catolique de Louvain, Instiut Supérior d'Archélogie et d'Histoire de l'Art, Colloque IX (12-14 Sep. 1991), Document de travail 27; pp. 65, 72, 47.
Smeyers, M., and B. Cardon. "Utrecht and Bruges--South and North 'Boundless Relations' in the 15th Century." In Masters and Miniatures, Volume 1, edited by K. van der Horst and J.-C. Klamt. Doornspijk, 1991, 89-108; pp. 95-96; pp. 656, app. 19.
Rogers, N. J. "The Miniature of St. John the Baptist in Gonville and Caius MS 241/127 and Its Context." Fifteenth Century Flemish Manuscripts. Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 10.2 (1992): 125-138; pp. 130-133.
Smeyers, M., et al. Naer naturen ghelike: Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain, 1993; pp. 74.
Smeyers, Maurits, and Bert Cardon. "Campin and Illumination." In Robert Campin: New Directions in Scholarship. Edited by Susan Foister and Susie Nash, 159-170. Leuven: Brepols, 1996, p. 164.
Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; p. 129
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 112-123, cat. no. 230.
Smeyers, Mauritius. Flemish Miniatures from the Eight to Mid-Sixteenth Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Tournhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 220, 240-41, 285, fig. 12.
Nevins Teresa. "Book of Hours of Daniel Rym." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 266-67, cat. no. 69.
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475), edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 57-67. Leuven: Brepols, 2002; p. 64.
Martens, Maximilian P. J. "The Master of Guillebert de Mets: An Illuminator Between Paris and Ghent?" In "Als Ich Can": Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, edited by Bert Cardon, Jan Van der Stock, and Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, 921-939, vol. 2. Leuven: Peeters Press, 2002; pp. 930, 933 (illus. 7).
Orr, Michael T. "Tradition and Innovation in the Cycles of Miniatures Accompanying the Hours of the Virgin in Early Fifteenth-Century English Books of Hours." In Manuscripts in Transition: Recycling Manuscripts, Texts, and Images. Proceedings of the International Congres held in Brussels (5-9 November 2002). Edited by Brigitte Dekeyzer and Jan van der Stock, 263-270. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 2005; p. 270 (n. 17).
Bräm, Andreas. "'Fratrum minorum mater': Heiligenbilder als Angleichung und zum Patronat in Frankreich und Flandern und in der Anjou-Hofkunst Neapels." In Elisabeth von Thüringen: eine europäische Heilige, vol. 2. Edited by Uwe John and Dieter Blume, 309-324. Hesse: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2007; pp. 320 (Abb. 13), 324 (n. 73 for p. 321).
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Moult bons et notables": l'enluminure tournaisienne à l'époque de Robert Campin (1380-1430). Leuven: Peeters, 2007; pp. 7, 15 (n. 36 for p. 7), 63, 64, 65 (figs. 88-89), 70, 71, 73, 74, 119.
Dneffe, Dominique, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian Panel Painting in the Low Countries. Vol. 1. Brussels: Brepols, 2009; p. 190 (n. 90 for p. 177), cat. no. 3.
"Guillebert de Metz, Master of." In The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, Vol. 2. Edited by Colum Hourihane, 254-255. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012; p. 254.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Flanders (Ghent?)
Ca. 1420-1430 CE
book
Non-original Binding
Upper and lower boards are inlaid with a fourteenth-century pink-stained tanned skin made in France or the Lower Rhine, which are set into a newer binding created in the late nineteenth or early twentieth-century by Léon Gruel in Paris; inlaid panels decorated with rectangular bars containing stamped griffins, lozenges, fleurs-de-lis, and three-tower citadels; two holes on front and back covers are evidence of former presence of fasteners; two edge-pin and clasp fasteners were probably provided by Gruel; clasps detached
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is Dutch; Flemish.
Made in Ghent for Elizabeth van Munte and Daniel Rym ca. 1420-30; original owners identified by heraldic shields on fols. 18r and 42r; portraits of Daniel Rym on fol. 168v and of Elizabeth van Munte on fol. 62r
Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; Gruel's stamp on descriptive slip
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Flanders (Ghent?)
Ca. 1420-1430 CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin. The secondary language of this manuscript is Dutch; Flemish.
Made in Ghent for Elizabeth van Munte and Daniel Rym ca. 1420-30; original owners identified by heraldic shields on fols. 18r and 42r; portraits of Daniel Rym on fol. 168v and of Elizabeth van Munte on fol. 62r
Léon Gruel, Paris, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; Gruel's stamp on descriptive slip
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1895 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This richly illuminated Book of Hours was created ca. 1420-30 for Elizabeth van Munte and her husband Daniel Rym. The couple is represented throughout the manuscript in a number of ways. Rym's heraldic shield is held by a dragon on fol. 42r, while van Munte's heraldry is found on fol. 18r. Both are also depicted in donor portraits, with van Munte kneeling on fol. 62r and Daniel Rym kneeling before his namesake, St. Daniel, on fol. 168v. Made for personal use, this exquisite Book of Hours begins each hour with a full-page miniature. Gold is widely used in the illumination, and drolleries throughout the book depict playful figures and hybrids engaging in a variety of activities, such as reading texts, kneeling in devotion, playing with or climbing the foliate fillet of the initials, or emerging from large flowers. Especially touching is a sweet couple embracing on the folio facing the Deposition and the Veronica (fol. 118r).
Written in textura
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Herbert, Lynley
Cataloger: Herbold, Rebekah
Cataloger: Valle, Chiara
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Wallace, Susan
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbert, Lynley
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Izer, Emily
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
À Kempis, Thomas. Imitation of Jésus-Christ. Paris, n.d. (ca. 1880); pp. 41-42.
Labitte, A. Les manuscrits et l'arte de les orner. . . . Paris, 1893; pp. 213-219.
Weale, W. H. J. Bookbindings and Rubbings of Bindings in the National Art Library South Kensington Museum. Vol. 1. London, 1898; p. lxvii.
Leroquais, V. Les lives d'heures manuscrits de la Bibliothéques nationale. Paris, 1927; pp. 53-54.
De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 787, cat. no. 190.
Bynvack, A. W. "Kroniek der noord-Nederlandsche miniaturen, III." Oudheikundig Jaarboek 4 (1940); p. 32, Figs. 1, 2.
Leroqauis, V. Supplément aux lives d'heures manuscrits de la Bibliothéques nationale: Acquisitions récentes et donation Smith Lesouëf. Macon, 1943; 8-9.
De Tolnay, C. "An Early Dutch Panel: A Contribution to the Panel Painting before Bosch." In Miscellanea Leo van Puyvelde. Brussels: Editions de la Conaissance, 1949; p. 53.
Meis, M. Painting in Florence and Siena after the Black Death. Princeton, 1951; p. 143.
Panofsky, E. Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge, MA, 1953; pp. 114, 118, 119, 121, figs. 186-189.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1967; p. 440.
Dhanens, E. "Le scriptorium des Hieronymites à Grand." Scriptorium 23 (1969): 361-379; pp. 362, 373.
Declassé, L. M. J. "An Exhibtion of Netherlandish Book Illumination April 22 through May 12." [Oberlin College]. Allen Memorial Art Bulletin 17 (1960): 94-113; pp. 108, 110-111.
Lane, B. G. "The Development of the Medieval Devotional Figure." Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania 1970; pp. 180-181, 184.
Gorrisen, F. Das Stunderbuch der Katharina von Kleve: Analyse and Kommentar. Berlin, 1973; p. 340.
Bowles, E. A. "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery." Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 32 (1976): 719-726; pp. 720, 723, 725.
Harthan, J. The Book of Hours. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1977; p. 181.
Randall, L. M. C. The Diary of George A. Lucas: An American Art Agent in Paris, 1857-1909. Princeton, 1979; p. 19.
Randall, L.M.C. "A Nineteenth-Century 'Medieval' Prayerbook Woven in Lyon." In Art, the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of H. W. Janson, edited by M. Barasch, L. F. Sander, and P. Egan, 651-668. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981; p. 655, figs. 16-17.
Rogers, N. J. "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century." M. Phil., Cambridge University, 1982; pp. 25, 127, 152, 264, 267, 293.
Dhanens, E. De artistieke Uitrusting van de Sint-Janskerk te Gent in de 15de eeww. Academiae Analectae 44.1 (1983); pp. 132-133.
Kraus, H. P. Cimelia: A Catalogue . . . in Commemoration of the Sale of the Ludwig Collection. New York, 1983; cat. no. 165; pp. 68, referenced under lot 12, 156.
Cardon, B., R. Lievens, and M. Smeyers. Typologische Taferelen wit het leven van Jezus: A Manuscript from the Gold Scrolls Group (Bruges, ca. 1440) in the Pierpont Morgan Library New York, Ms. Morgan 649. Louvain, 1985; p. 148.
Dhanens, E. Actum Gandavi: Zeven bijdragen in verband met de Oude Kunst te Gent. Academiae Analectae 48.2 (1987); pp. 46-47, fig. 20.
Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987.
Martens, M. P. J. De muurschilderkunst te Ghent (12de tot 16de eeww). Brussels, 1989; pp. 101, 102.
Smeyers, M. "Pre-Eyckian Manuscripts: Mass Production and Workshop Practices 1." In Le dessin sousjacent dans la peinture, edited by R. van Schoute and H. Verougstraete-Marcq, 59-74. Louvain: Université Catolique de Louvain, Instiut Supérior d'Archélogie et d'Histoire de l'Art, Colloque IX (12-14 Sep. 1991), Document de travail 27; pp. 65, 72, 47.
Smeyers, M., and B. Cardon. "Utrecht and Bruges--South and North 'Boundless Relations' in the 15th Century." In Masters and Miniatures, Volume 1, edited by K. van der Horst and J.-C. Klamt. Doornspijk, 1991, 89-108; pp. 95-96; pp. 656, app. 19.
Rogers, N. J. "The Miniature of St. John the Baptist in Gonville and Caius MS 241/127 and Its Context." Fifteenth Century Flemish Manuscripts. Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 10.2 (1992): 125-138; pp. 130-133.
Smeyers, M., et al. Naer naturen ghelike: Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain, 1993; pp. 74.
Smeyers, Maurits, and Bert Cardon. "Campin and Illumination." In Robert Campin: New Directions in Scholarship. Edited by Susan Foister and Susie Nash, 159-170. Leuven: Brepols, 1996, p. 164.
Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; p. 129
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 112-123, cat. no. 230.
Smeyers, Mauritius. Flemish Miniatures from the Eight to Mid-Sixteenth Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Tournhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 220, 240-41, 285, fig. 12.
Nevins Teresa. "Book of Hours of Daniel Rym." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 266-67, cat. no. 69.
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475), edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 57-67. Leuven: Brepols, 2002; p. 64.
Martens, Maximilian P. J. "The Master of Guillebert de Mets: An Illuminator Between Paris and Ghent?" In "Als Ich Can": Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, edited by Bert Cardon, Jan Van der Stock, and Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, 921-939, vol. 2. Leuven: Peeters Press, 2002; pp. 930, 933 (illus. 7).
Orr, Michael T. "Tradition and Innovation in the Cycles of Miniatures Accompanying the Hours of the Virgin in Early Fifteenth-Century English Books of Hours." In Manuscripts in Transition: Recycling Manuscripts, Texts, and Images. Proceedings of the International Congres held in Brussels (5-9 November 2002). Edited by Brigitte Dekeyzer and Jan van der Stock, 263-270. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters, 2005; p. 270 (n. 17).
Bräm, Andreas. "'Fratrum minorum mater': Heiligenbilder als Angleichung und zum Patronat in Frankreich und Flandern und in der Anjou-Hofkunst Neapels." In Elisabeth von Thüringen: eine europäische Heilige, vol. 2. Edited by Uwe John and Dieter Blume, 309-324. Hesse: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2007; pp. 320 (Abb. 13), 324 (n. 73 for p. 321).
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Moult bons et notables": l'enluminure tournaisienne à l'époque de Robert Campin (1380-1430). Leuven: Peeters, 2007; pp. 7, 15 (n. 36 for p. 7), 63, 64, 65 (figs. 88-89), 70, 71, 73, 74, 119.
Dneffe, Dominique, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian Panel Painting in the Low Countries. Vol. 1. Brussels: Brepols, 2009; p. 190 (n. 90 for p. 177), cat. no. 3.
"Guillebert de Metz, Master of." In The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture, Vol. 2. Edited by Colum Hourihane, 254-255. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012; p. 254.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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