The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This Book of Hours was originally completed ca. 1430-1440 but has since been reconstructed, with several prayers and suffrages having been added to it over time. The miniatures were illuminated under the influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets. Both the original and a subsequent owner are depicted in prayer on fols. 9v and 165v, respectively. The book was rebound by Joris de Gavere of Ghent ca. 1525-1535. The manuscript was rebacked in the modern period, but the sixteenth-century boards remain. Both contain stamped panels depicting angels playing instruments, and a band of fantastic animals depicted in profile. An inscription cites Joris de Gavere as the maker and asks the angels for their prayers.
Irregular textura in brown ink
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Shartrand, Emily
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Brown, Emily
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Shartrand, Emily
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Collection Léon Gruel: Manuscrits rares et précieux. Sale catalogue. Paris, c. 1905; lot no. 10.
Gruel, Léon. Manuel de l'amateur de reliures, vol. 2. Paris: Gruel and Engelmann, 1905; p. 86.
De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 787, cat. no. 189.
Leroquais, Victor. Un livre d'heures de Jean sans Peur, Duc de Bourgogne (1404–1419). Paris: Georges Andrieux, 1939; p. 53 (erroneously cited as W. 172).
Miner, Dorothy. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 126.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953; pp. 119, 128, fig. 190.
Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: The Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-Fourteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951; pp. 142-143, 178.
Miner, Dorothy, and Philippe Verdier. The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400. Exhibition Catalogue, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1962; cat. no. 69, Pl. LVII.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. Revised edition. NY: Philosophical Library, 1967; p. 440.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting: Plates. NY: Harper and Row, 1971; pp. xii, 82.
Rogers, Nicholas. "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century." M. Phil., Cambridge University, 1982; p. 265.
Dogaear, Georges. Flemish Manuscript Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Amsterdam: B.M. Israël, 1987; p. 31.
Gifford, E.M. "Pattern and Style in a Flemish Book of Hours: Walters MS 239." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 45 (1987): 89-102; pp. 93, 95, figs. 71, 72.
Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. Exhibition Catalogue. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. NY: George Braiziller, 1988; PP. 116-117, 209, cat. no. 83, Pl. 35.
Reinburg, Virginia. "Hearing Lay People's Prayer." In Culture and Identity in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800): Essays in Honor of Natalie Zeemon Davis. Edited by Barbara B. Diefendorf and Carla Alison Hesse, 19-40. Anne Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1993; p. 37.
Smeyers, Maurits et al. Naer natueren ghelike: Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; p. 98, fig. 24.
Smeyers, Maurits, Bert Cardon, et al. Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck (ca. 1380-ca. 1420) Catalogus. Corpus van verluchte handschriften 6, Low Countries Series 4. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; cat. no. 51, fig. 54.
Gathercole, Patricia M. Animals in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995; p. 58.
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 123-132, cat. no. 231.
Strumwasser, Gina. "Betrayal." In The Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art, Vol. 1. Edited by Helene E. Roberts, 125-136. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998; p. 134.
Smeyers, Maurits. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the Mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 240-241, 285.
Rogers, Nicholas. "Patrons and Purchasers: Evidence for the Original Owners of Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market." In "Als Ich Can": Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, edited by Bert Cardon, Jan Van der Stock, and Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, 1165-1179, vol. 2. Leuven: Peeters Press, 2002; p. 1169.
Alcoy, Rosa. San Jorge y la princesa: diálogos de la pintura del siglo XV en Cataluña y Aragon. Barcelona: Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2004; p. 49.
Gathercole, Patricia M. The Depiction of Angels and Demons in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004; p. 75.
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Le cycle d'enfance des petites de la vierge dans les livres d'heures des pays-bas méridionaux." In Manuscripten en miniaturen: Studies aangeboden aan Anne S. Korteweg bij haar afscheid van de Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Boekhandel. Nieuwe Reeks (8). Edited by Jos Biemans, Klaas van der Hoek, Kathryn M. Rudy, and Ed van der Vlist, 355-366. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2007; p. 360.
L'Engle, Susan. "Depictions of Chastity: Virture Made Visible." In Chastity: A Study in Perception, Ideals, and Opposition. Edited by Nancy Elizabeth Van Deusen, 87-126. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2008; pp. 114, 126, fig. 9.
Dneffe, Dominique, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian Panel Painting in the Low Countries, Vol. 1. Brussels: Brepols, 2009; pp. 145-146 (fig. 26), cat. no. 2, pp. 300, 307 (n. 63), cat. no. 6.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Ghent
Second quarter of 15th century CE
book
Non-original Binding
Made in Flanders by Joris de Gavere; brown calf with replaced spine and corners to match; stamped panel on both upper and lower boards; top and bottom sections display angels playing instruments in roundels created by vines, with these two sections surrounded by text and floral borders inscribed with "Joris de Gavere me ligavit in Gandavo, om[n]es sancti angeli et archangeli dei orate pro nobis"; middle section contains five animals, from left to right: boar, unicorn, lion, wyvern, and a stag; two brass clasps probably added by Gruel
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Illuminated under influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets, Ghent, 1430-1440; original owner depicted on fols. 8v-9r
Secondary patron depicted on added fol. 165v, unknown date
Rebound by Joris de Gavere, Ghent, 1525-1535
Two birth notices appear on fols. 8r and 182r, written in Dutch and dated to 1529 and 1576 respectively
Léon Gruel, Paris, ca. 1900; Gruel and Engelmann bookplate on front pastedown inscribed "No 432", Gruel dealer plate on fol. 1r
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1905 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Ghent
Second quarter of 15th century CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Illuminated under influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets, Ghent, 1430-1440; original owner depicted on fols. 8v-9r
Secondary patron depicted on added fol. 165v, unknown date
Rebound by Joris de Gavere, Ghent, 1525-1535
Two birth notices appear on fols. 8r and 182r, written in Dutch and dated to 1529 and 1576 respectively
Léon Gruel, Paris, ca. 1900; Gruel and Engelmann bookplate on front pastedown inscribed "No 432", Gruel dealer plate on fol. 1r
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased from Gruel between 1905 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This Book of Hours was originally completed ca. 1430-1440 but has since been reconstructed, with several prayers and suffrages having been added to it over time. The miniatures were illuminated under the influence of the Master of Guillebert de Mets. Both the original and a subsequent owner are depicted in prayer on fols. 9v and 165v, respectively. The book was rebound by Joris de Gavere of Ghent ca. 1525-1535. The manuscript was rebacked in the modern period, but the sixteenth-century boards remain. Both contain stamped panels depicting angels playing instruments, and a band of fantastic animals depicted in profile. An inscription cites Joris de Gavere as the maker and asks the angels for their prayers.
Irregular textura in brown ink
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Shartrand, Emily
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Brown, Emily
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Shartrand, Emily
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Collection Léon Gruel: Manuscrits rares et précieux. Sale catalogue. Paris, c. 1905; lot no. 10.
Gruel, Léon. Manuel de l'amateur de reliures, vol. 2. Paris: Gruel and Engelmann, 1905; p. 86.
De Ricci, Seymour, and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 787, cat. no. 189.
Leroquais, Victor. Un livre d'heures de Jean sans Peur, Duc de Bourgogne (1404–1419). Paris: Georges Andrieux, 1939; p. 53 (erroneously cited as W. 172).
Miner, Dorothy. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949; cat. no. 126.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953; pp. 119, 128, fig. 190.
Meiss, Millard. Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: The Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-Fourteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1951; pp. 142-143, 178.
Miner, Dorothy, and Philippe Verdier. The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400. Exhibition Catalogue, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1962; cat. no. 69, Pl. LVII.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. Revised edition. NY: Philosophical Library, 1967; p. 440.
Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting: Plates. NY: Harper and Row, 1971; pp. xii, 82.
Rogers, Nicholas. "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century." M. Phil., Cambridge University, 1982; p. 265.
Dogaear, Georges. Flemish Manuscript Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Amsterdam: B.M. Israël, 1987; p. 31.
Gifford, E.M. "Pattern and Style in a Flemish Book of Hours: Walters MS 239." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 45 (1987): 89-102; pp. 93, 95, figs. 71, 72.
Wieck, Roger S. Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life. Exhibition Catalogue. Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. NY: George Braiziller, 1988; PP. 116-117, 209, cat. no. 83, Pl. 35.
Reinburg, Virginia. "Hearing Lay People's Prayer." In Culture and Identity in Early Modern Europe (1500-1800): Essays in Honor of Natalie Zeemon Davis. Edited by Barbara B. Diefendorf and Carla Alison Hesse, 19-40. Anne Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1993; p. 37.
Smeyers, Maurits et al. Naer natueren ghelike: Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; p. 98, fig. 24.
Smeyers, Maurits, Bert Cardon, et al. Vlaamse miniaturen voor van Eyck (ca. 1380-ca. 1420) Catalogus. Corpus van verluchte handschriften 6, Low Countries Series 4. Louvain: Peeters, 1993; cat. no. 51, fig. 54.
Gathercole, Patricia M. Animals in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1995; p. 58.
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 123-132, cat. no. 231.
Strumwasser, Gina. "Betrayal." In The Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art, Vol. 1. Edited by Helene E. Roberts, 125-136. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998; p. 134.
Smeyers, Maurits. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the Mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1999; pp. 240-241, 285.
Rogers, Nicholas. "Patrons and Purchasers: Evidence for the Original Owners of Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market." In "Als Ich Can": Liber Amicorum in Memory of Professor Dr. Maurits Smeyers, edited by Bert Cardon, Jan Van der Stock, and Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, 1165-1179, vol. 2. Leuven: Peeters Press, 2002; p. 1169.
Alcoy, Rosa. San Jorge y la princesa: diálogos de la pintura del siglo XV en Cataluña y Aragon. Barcelona: Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2004; p. 49.
Gathercole, Patricia M. The Depiction of Angels and Demons in Medieval French Manuscript Illumination. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004; p. 75.
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Le cycle d'enfance des petites de la vierge dans les livres d'heures des pays-bas méridionaux." In Manuscripten en miniaturen: Studies aangeboden aan Anne S. Korteweg bij haar afscheid van de Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Boekhandel. Nieuwe Reeks (8). Edited by Jos Biemans, Klaas van der Hoek, Kathryn M. Rudy, and Ed van der Vlist, 355-366. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 2007; p. 360.
L'Engle, Susan. "Depictions of Chastity: Virture Made Visible." In Chastity: A Study in Perception, Ideals, and Opposition. Edited by Nancy Elizabeth Van Deusen, 87-126. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2008; pp. 114, 126, fig. 9.
Dneffe, Dominique, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian Panel Painting in the Low Countries, Vol. 1. Brussels: Brepols, 2009; pp. 145-146 (fig. 26), cat. no. 2, pp. 300, 307 (n. 63), cat. no. 6.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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