The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This Flemish Book of Hours was produced between 1470 and 1480, possibly in Hainaut, by artists working in the style of French illuminator Simon Marmion, whose work has been recorded in northeastern France and Flanders between 1449 and 1489. The large number of feast days associated with Liège in the calendar further highlights the region of production. The book contains twelve full-page miniatures, of which five are rendered in color and seven in grisaille. The number of artists involved in the production of the full-page miniatures is disputed, ranging from two (see Legaré 1999 and Kren 2003 in the bibliography) to four (see Randall 1997). Legaré and Kren attribute the color and grisaille miniatures to the Master of Antoine Rolin and the St. Anthony miniature on fol. 102v, which was added slightly later, to a master follower of Simon Marmion. Randall identifies four artists: the first responsible for the Annunciation (fol. 22v); the remaining three color miniatures (not counting the added St. Anthony), were executed by a competent associate; a third artist produced the grisaille miniatures of the Infancy cycle; and a fourth, master artist created the color miniature of St. Anthony (fol. 102v), which was added later to the book, probably in the 1480s and Randall suggests possibly by Simon Marmion himself. The borders of the manuscript are undecorated, and the decoration of the initials in the text is routine.
Littera batarda
artist: Circle of Simon Marmion
artist: Master of Antoine Rolin
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Dennis, Nathan S
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Dennis, Nathan S
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 800, no. 277.
Bowles, E. A. "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery." Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 32, no. 4 (1976): 719-726; pp. 722-723.
Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." 2 vols. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987; pp. 399-400, fig. 12 (fol. 22v); vol. 2, cat. no. 114.
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Part 2. Baltimore, London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 381-387, cat. no. 275.
Legaré, Anne-Marie. "La pentecôte sous un porche: Architecture et enluminure dans les provinces du Nord." In Pierre, lumière, couleur: Études d'histoire de l'art du moyen âge en l'honneur d'Anne Prache. Edited by Fabienne Joubert and Dany Sandron. Paris: Presses de l'université de Paris, Sorbonne, 1999; pp. 441-455 (p. 450).
Melis, Tine. "Book of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold, 800-1475. Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Leuven: Brepols, 2002; pp. 318-319, cat. no. 88.
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 57-67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; p. 64, 65 (fig. 12).
Kren, Thomas. "Follower of Simon Marmion and Master of Antoine Rolin: Book of Hours." In Illustrating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe. Edited by Thomas Kren and Scot McKendrick. Los Angeles, London: The J. Paul Getty Museum and Royal Academy of Arts, 2003; pp. 334-335, cat. no. 94.
Dekeyzer, Brigitte. Layers of Illusion: The Mayer van den Burgh Breviary. Antwerp: Ludion, 2004; p. 188 (n. 97).
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Moult bons et notables": l'enluminure tournaisienne à l'époque de Robert Campin (1380-1430). Leuven: Peeters, 2007; p. 55.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Hainaut (?)
Ca. 1470-80 CE
book
Original Binding
Brown calfskin over wooden boards (probably oak) with wide, shallow exterior chamfer and tongue corners; re-backed and re-edged at fore-corners ca. 1900; sewn on five slit-tawed straps; covers tooled in blind, four-fillet double frame filled by intersecting four-fillet lines that create lozenges and triangles with five-point stars in each; endbands are of pink silk with an edge-bead around a cord (?) core and are contemporary with the re-backing; edges are undecorated; single catch-and-clasp fastening originally centered at the fore-edge, but holes have been patched
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Made in Flanders, possibly Hainaut, ca. 1470-80, for unidentified liturgical use in the style of Simon Marmion; St. Anthony miniature on fol. 102v added early, possibly in 1480s
First owner likely affiliated with Liège and interested in Dominican order, based on feast days associated with the city and order in the calendar; monogram "AM" within decorated initials on fols. 14r, 19r, and 72r, possibly referring to Antoine Rolin
Armorial shields within decorated initials on fols. 23r and 67r; either altered or added early
Wilhelmus
Léon Gruel, Paris, bookbinder and bookseller, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; bookplate on front pastedown features initials "L G"
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased book from Léon Gruel between 1895 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Hainaut (?)
Ca. 1470-80 CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Made in Flanders, possibly Hainaut, ca. 1470-80, for unidentified liturgical use in the style of Simon Marmion; St. Anthony miniature on fol. 102v added early, possibly in 1480s
First owner likely affiliated with Liège and interested in Dominican order, based on feast days associated with the city and order in the calendar; monogram "AM" within decorated initials on fols. 14r, 19r, and 72r, possibly referring to Antoine Rolin
Armorial shields within decorated initials on fols. 23r and 67r; either altered or added early
Wilhelmus
Léon Gruel, Paris, bookbinder and bookseller, late nineteenth or early twentieth century; bookplate on front pastedown features initials "L G"
Henry Walters, Baltimore, purchased book from Léon Gruel between 1895 and 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This Flemish Book of Hours was produced between 1470 and 1480, possibly in Hainaut, by artists working in the style of French illuminator Simon Marmion, whose work has been recorded in northeastern France and Flanders between 1449 and 1489. The large number of feast days associated with Liège in the calendar further highlights the region of production. The book contains twelve full-page miniatures, of which five are rendered in color and seven in grisaille. The number of artists involved in the production of the full-page miniatures is disputed, ranging from two (see Legaré 1999 and Kren 2003 in the bibliography) to four (see Randall 1997). Legaré and Kren attribute the color and grisaille miniatures to the Master of Antoine Rolin and the St. Anthony miniature on fol. 102v, which was added slightly later, to a master follower of Simon Marmion. Randall identifies four artists: the first responsible for the Annunciation (fol. 22v); the remaining three color miniatures (not counting the added St. Anthony), were executed by a competent associate; a third artist produced the grisaille miniatures of the Infancy cycle; and a fourth, master artist created the color miniature of St. Anthony (fol. 102v), which was added later to the book, probably in the 1480s and Randall suggests possibly by Simon Marmion himself. The borders of the manuscript are undecorated, and the decoration of the initials in the text is routine.
Littera batarda
artist: Circle of Simon Marmion
artist: Master of Antoine Rolin
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Dennis, Nathan S
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Dennis, Nathan S
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Schuele, Allyson
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 800, no. 277.
Bowles, E. A. "A Checklist of Musical Instruments in Fifteenth-Century Illuminated Manuscripts at the Walters Art Gallery." Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 32, no. 4 (1976): 719-726; pp. 722-723.
Owens, M. B. "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders." 2 vols. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987; pp. 399-400, fig. 12 (fol. 22v); vol. 2, cat. no. 114.
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3, Belgium, 1250-1530. Part 2. Baltimore, London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1997; pp. 381-387, cat. no. 275.
Legaré, Anne-Marie. "La pentecôte sous un porche: Architecture et enluminure dans les provinces du Nord." In Pierre, lumière, couleur: Études d'histoire de l'art du moyen âge en l'honneur d'Anne Prache. Edited by Fabienne Joubert and Dany Sandron. Paris: Presses de l'université de Paris, Sorbonne, 1999; pp. 441-455 (p. 450).
Melis, Tine. "Book of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold, 800-1475. Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy. Leuven: Brepols, 2002; pp. 318-319, cat. no. 88.
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 57-67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; p. 64, 65 (fig. 12).
Kren, Thomas. "Follower of Simon Marmion and Master of Antoine Rolin: Book of Hours." In Illustrating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe. Edited by Thomas Kren and Scot McKendrick. Los Angeles, London: The J. Paul Getty Museum and Royal Academy of Arts, 2003; pp. 334-335, cat. no. 94.
Dekeyzer, Brigitte. Layers of Illusion: The Mayer van den Burgh Breviary. Antwerp: Ludion, 2004; p. 188 (n. 97).
Vanwijnsberghe, Dominique. "Moult bons et notables": l'enluminure tournaisienne à l'époque de Robert Campin (1380-1430). Leuven: Peeters, 2007; p. 55.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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