The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This Book of Hours was created ca. 1450-55 in Bruges by Willem Vrelant and associates. It was commissioned for its first owners, a husband and wife, who are depicted on fols. 138r and 150v, respectively. This book contains eighteen extant miniatures, including many unusual thematic depictions, such as the Buffeting of Christ (fol. 24r) in the Hours of the Cross, and a very Dürer-like depiction of the Holy Face in the Suffrages (fol. 146r).
Written in littera cursiva formata
artist: Vrelant, Willem, -1481
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Ransom, Allison
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Beraldi, H., Bibliothéque d'un bibliophile, Paris 1885, p. 1, no. 2
Morgand, D., Bulletin 20, Feb. 1887, p. 69, no. 12057
Morgand, D., Catalogue Eugéne Paillet, Paris 1887, p. 67, no. 332
De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 796, no. 250.
Delaissé, L.M.J., "An Exhibition of Netherlandish Book Illumination, April 22 through May 12" (Oberlin College), Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 17/3, 1960, p. 94-113
Farquhar, J.D., Creation and Imitation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 1976, figs. 11-14, 24, 47, 61, 80, 81, 83, 86
Farquhar, J.D., "The Manuscript as Book", Pen to Press: Illustrated Manuscripts and Printed Books in the First Century of Printing, University of Maryland, College Park, Baltimore 1977, p. 81-96, fig. 22
Marrow, J.H., "Study of the Miniatures" in Beuken, Willem Hendrik, and James H. Marrow. 1979. Spiegel van den leven ons Heren = Mirror of the life of our Lord : diplomatic edition of the text and facsimile of the 42 miniatures of a 15th century typological life of Christ in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Doornspijk: Davaco, p. 74, fig. 2
Jenni, U, Thoss, D., Das Schwarze Gebetbuch (Gebetbuch des Galeazzo Maria Sforza): Codex 1856 der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien. Kommentar zur Faksimileausgabe, Frankfurt 1982, p. 64, fig. 106
Rogers, N.J., "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century," M.Phil, Cambridge University, 1982, p. 300-324
Buttner, F. O., Imitatio Pietatis: Motive der christlichen Ikonographie als Modelle zur Verahnlichung, Berlin 1983, p. 159
Pacht, O., Jenni, U, and Thoss, D., Die Illuminierten Handschriften und Inkunabeln der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil. -Hist. Klasse, Denkschriften, Vienna, 1983, vol. 1, pp. 88, 91, vol. 2, fig. 102
Cardon, B., Lievens, R., and Smeyers, M., "Typologische Taferelen uit het leven van Jezus: A Manuscript from the Gold Scrolls Group (Bruges, ca. 1440) in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Ms. Morgan 649," Louvain, 1985, p. 138
Owens, M.B., "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1987, p. 413.
Dogaer, G., "Flemish Miniature Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries," Amsterdam, 1987, p. 103
Plummer, J., "'Use' and Beyond Use,'" followed by "A Bruges Calendar," Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life, exhibition catalog, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, New York, 1988
Smeyers, M., "A Mid-Fifteenth Century Book of Hours from Bruges in the Walters Art Gallery (MS. 721) and Its Relation to the Turin-Milan Hours," Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 46 (1988): 68, 75
Bravi, G.O., "Codici e incunaboli minitai della Biblioteca Civica di Bergamo," Bergamo, 1989, p. 426
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3. Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 210-219, cat. no. 244
Lacaze, C., "A Little-Known Manuscript from the Workshop of Master Pancraz," in Masters and Miniatures: proceedings of the Congress on Medieval Manuscript Illumination in the Northern Netherlands (Utrecht, 10-13 December 1989), edited by Koert van der Horst and Johann-Christian Klamt 1991, p. 259
Domínguez Rodriguez, A., et. al., "Libro de Horas de Isabel la Católica," Madrid, 1991, p. 21
Bousmanne, B., "Prolégoménes á la constitution et á l'interprétation d'un corpus des manuscrits attribués au groupe Vrelant: Un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Bays-Bas méridionaux au XV siécle," Ph.D. dissertation, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1994, pp. 24, 226-234
Sotheby’s. Western Manuscripts and Miniatures. New York: Sotheby’s Firm, 1994; p. 97.
Reinburg, Virginia. “Praying to Saints in the Middle Ages.” Saints: Studies in Hagiography. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 141. Edited by Sandro Sticca, 269-282. Binghamton, New York, 1996; pp. 271 (n. 4), 273 (fig. 1).
Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; pp. 37-38, 43, 71, 79-81, 98, 112, 117, 121, 133, 149, 165, 189, 217-219 (no. 1.IV.6;102), 317, 343 (n. 35), 349 (n. 5), 354 (n. 25), 377.
Hindman, Sandra. “Gerard David’s Holy Face.” In The Robert Lehman Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Volume IV: Illuminations. Edited by Sandra Hindman, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, Pia Palladino, and Maria Francesca Saffiotti, 86-91. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997; p. 89 (ref. under cat. No. 11).
Sponsler, Claire. Drama and Resistance: Bodies, Goods, and Theatricality in Late Medieval England. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997; pp. 128 (fig. 5), 194 (n. 87).
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 56-67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 56 (fig. 1), 63.
Marrow, James H. “Book of Hours in Latin and French: Flanders (Bruges), ca. 1430: Miniatures by the Masters of the Gold Scrolls. NYPL MA 28.” In The Splendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library. Edited by Jonathan J.G. Alexander, James H. Marrow, and Lucy Freeman Sandler, 283-286. NY: New York Public LibrarySplendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library, 2005; p. 286 (ref. under cat. no. 63).
Randall, Lilian M.C. “Frontal Heads in the Borders of Parisian and South Netherlandish Books of Hours, ca. 1415-60.” In Tributes in Honor of Jonathan J.G. Alexander: The Making and Meaning of Illuminated Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts, Art, and Architecture. Edited by Susan L’Engle and Gerald B. Gest, 249-268. Turnhout, Belgium: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2006; p. 259, fig. 7.
Reinburg, Virginia. French Books of Hours: Making an Archive of Prayer, C.1400-1600. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012; pp. viii,163 (n. 126), 164 (fig. 24), 174.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Bruges
Ca. 1450-1455 CE
book
Non-original Binding
Nineteenth-century re-binding from either Belgium or France; black textured leather; upper and lower boards framed by three fillets; possibly original page sewing; spine naturally rounded with five slightly raised bands surrounded by three fillets; endbands in pink and white silk with edge-bead; gilt edges
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Completed by followers of Willem Vrelant ca. 1450-1455 in Bruges for unidentified patrons, depicted on fols. 138r and 150v
Sold by Eugéne Paillet, Paris, to Damascéne Morgand, 1887
Henry Walters, Baltimore, acquired before 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
Bruges
Ca. 1450-1455 CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Completed by followers of Willem Vrelant ca. 1450-1455 in Bruges for unidentified patrons, depicted on fols. 138r and 150v
Sold by Eugéne Paillet, Paris, to Damascéne Morgand, 1887
Henry Walters, Baltimore, acquired before 1931
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters' bequest
This Book of Hours was created ca. 1450-55 in Bruges by Willem Vrelant and associates. It was commissioned for its first owners, a husband and wife, who are depicted on fols. 138r and 150v, respectively. This book contains eighteen extant miniatures, including many unusual thematic depictions, such as the Buffeting of Christ (fol. 24r) in the Hours of the Cross, and a very Dürer-like depiction of the Holy Face in the Suffrages (fol. 146r).
Written in littera cursiva formata
artist: Vrelant, Willem, -1481
Principal cataloger: Randall, Lilian M.C.
Cataloger: Ransom, Allison
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Copy editor: Dibble, Charles
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Herbold, Rebekah
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Contributor: Wiegand, Kimber
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Beraldi, H., Bibliothéque d'un bibliophile, Paris 1885, p. 1, no. 2
Morgand, D., Bulletin 20, Feb. 1887, p. 69, no. 12057
Morgand, D., Catalogue Eugéne Paillet, Paris 1887, p. 67, no. 332
De Ricci, S., and W. J. Wilson. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935; p. 796, no. 250.
Delaissé, L.M.J., "An Exhibition of Netherlandish Book Illumination, April 22 through May 12" (Oberlin College), Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 17/3, 1960, p. 94-113
Farquhar, J.D., Creation and Imitation, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 1976, figs. 11-14, 24, 47, 61, 80, 81, 83, 86
Farquhar, J.D., "The Manuscript as Book", Pen to Press: Illustrated Manuscripts and Printed Books in the First Century of Printing, University of Maryland, College Park, Baltimore 1977, p. 81-96, fig. 22
Marrow, J.H., "Study of the Miniatures" in Beuken, Willem Hendrik, and James H. Marrow. 1979. Spiegel van den leven ons Heren = Mirror of the life of our Lord : diplomatic edition of the text and facsimile of the 42 miniatures of a 15th century typological life of Christ in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. Doornspijk: Davaco, p. 74, fig. 2
Jenni, U, Thoss, D., Das Schwarze Gebetbuch (Gebetbuch des Galeazzo Maria Sforza): Codex 1856 der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien. Kommentar zur Faksimileausgabe, Frankfurt 1982, p. 64, fig. 106
Rogers, N.J., "Books of Hours Produced in the Low Countries for the English Market in the Fifteenth Century," M.Phil, Cambridge University, 1982, p. 300-324
Buttner, F. O., Imitatio Pietatis: Motive der christlichen Ikonographie als Modelle zur Verahnlichung, Berlin 1983, p. 159
Pacht, O., Jenni, U, and Thoss, D., Die Illuminierten Handschriften und Inkunabeln der Osterreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil. -Hist. Klasse, Denkschriften, Vienna, 1983, vol. 1, pp. 88, 91, vol. 2, fig. 102
Cardon, B., Lievens, R., and Smeyers, M., "Typologische Taferelen uit het leven van Jezus: A Manuscript from the Gold Scrolls Group (Bruges, ca. 1440) in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Ms. Morgan 649," Louvain, 1985, p. 138
Owens, M.B., "Musical Subjects in the Illumination of Books of Hours from Fifteenth-Century France and Flanders", Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1987, p. 413.
Dogaer, G., "Flemish Miniature Painting in the 15th and 16th Centuries," Amsterdam, 1987, p. 103
Plummer, J., "'Use' and Beyond Use,'" followed by "A Bruges Calendar," Time Sanctified: The Book of Hours in Medieval Art and Life, exhibition catalog, Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, New York, 1988
Smeyers, M., "A Mid-Fifteenth Century Book of Hours from Bruges in the Walters Art Gallery (MS. 721) and Its Relation to the Turin-Milan Hours," Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 46 (1988): 68, 75
Bravi, G.O., "Codici e incunaboli minitai della Biblioteca Civica di Bergamo," Bergamo, 1989, p. 426
Randall, Lilian M. C. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Walters Art Gallery. Vol. 3. Belgium, 1250-1530. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Walters Art Gallery, 1989; pp. 210-219, cat. no. 244
Lacaze, C., "A Little-Known Manuscript from the Workshop of Master Pancraz," in Masters and Miniatures: proceedings of the Congress on Medieval Manuscript Illumination in the Northern Netherlands (Utrecht, 10-13 December 1989), edited by Koert van der Horst and Johann-Christian Klamt 1991, p. 259
Domínguez Rodriguez, A., et. al., "Libro de Horas de Isabel la Católica," Madrid, 1991, p. 21
Bousmanne, B., "Prolégoménes á la constitution et á l'interprétation d'un corpus des manuscrits attribués au groupe Vrelant: Un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Bays-Bas méridionaux au XV siécle," Ph.D. dissertation, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1994, pp. 24, 226-234
Sotheby’s. Western Manuscripts and Miniatures. New York: Sotheby’s Firm, 1994; p. 97.
Reinburg, Virginia. “Praying to Saints in the Middle Ages.” Saints: Studies in Hagiography. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 141. Edited by Sandro Sticca, 269-282. Binghamton, New York, 1996; pp. 271 (n. 4), 273 (fig. 1).
Bousmanne, Bernard. Item à Guillaume Wyelant aussi enlumineur: Willem Vrelant, un aspect de l'enluminure dans les Pays-Bas méridionaux sous le mécénat des ducs de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon et Charles le Téméraire. Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1997; pp. 37-38, 43, 71, 79-81, 98, 112, 117, 121, 133, 149, 165, 189, 217-219 (no. 1.IV.6;102), 317, 343 (n. 35), 349 (n. 5), 354 (n. 25), 377.
Hindman, Sandra. “Gerard David’s Holy Face.” In The Robert Lehman Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Volume IV: Illuminations. Edited by Sandra Hindman, Mirella Levi D'Ancona, Pia Palladino, and Maria Francesca Saffiotti, 86-91. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997; p. 89 (ref. under cat. No. 11).
Sponsler, Claire. Drama and Resistance: Bodies, Goods, and Theatricality in Late Medieval England. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1997; pp. 128 (fig. 5), 194 (n. 87).
Noel, William. "Books in the Home: Psalters and Books of Hours." In Medieval Mastery: Book Illumination from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold (800-1475). Edited by William Noel and Lee Preedy, 56-67. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2002; pp. 56 (fig. 1), 63.
Marrow, James H. “Book of Hours in Latin and French: Flanders (Bruges), ca. 1430: Miniatures by the Masters of the Gold Scrolls. NYPL MA 28.” In The Splendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library. Edited by Jonathan J.G. Alexander, James H. Marrow, and Lucy Freeman Sandler, 283-286. NY: New York Public LibrarySplendor of the Word: Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts at the New York Public Library, 2005; p. 286 (ref. under cat. no. 63).
Randall, Lilian M.C. “Frontal Heads in the Borders of Parisian and South Netherlandish Books of Hours, ca. 1415-60.” In Tributes in Honor of Jonathan J.G. Alexander: The Making and Meaning of Illuminated Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts, Art, and Architecture. Edited by Susan L’Engle and Gerald B. Gest, 249-268. Turnhout, Belgium: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2006; p. 259, fig. 7.
Reinburg, Virginia. French Books of Hours: Making an Archive of Prayer, C.1400-1600. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012; pp. viii,163 (n. 126), 164 (fig. 24), 174.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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