The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
The Digital Walters is a branch of The Walters Art Museum Manuscripts Department.
This Gospel Book was written in the diocese of Freising, Germany, ca. 875. Surprisingly small for a Gospel Book, it is nonetheless richly illuminated and offers an excellent example of Carolingian art and Caroline minuscule script. The expressive and emotive quality of the Evangelist portraits, characterized by quick, sketchy brushwork, recalls the style developed by the Carolingian school of Reims in northern France. The canon tables, however, derive from a different tradition, and recall Franco-Saxon imagery in their use of interlace within the columns and of acanthus springing from the top corners. The manuscript is one of a small group of codices produced at Freising at this time, among them another Gospel Book, Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6215. It is complete, consisting of 215 folios and includes readings for the liturgical year, Jerome's Plures fuisse and Novum opus letters, decorated canon tables, and Evangelist portraits.
Written in Caroline minuscule script; headings, opening lines of textual divisions, and running headlines in square and rustic capitals
Principal cataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Editor: Noel, William
Copy editor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Hamburger, Jeffrey
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Frere, W. H. Studies in Early Roman Liturgy II: The Roman-Gospel Lectionary. London: Oxford University Press, 1934.
De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 767, no. 62.
Baltimore Museum of Art. The Greek Tradition in Painting and the Minor Arts: An Exhibition Sponsored Jointly by the Baltimore Museum of Art and the Walters Art Gallery from May 15 through June 25, 1939. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1939.
Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949.
Walters Art Gallery. 4,000 Years of Modern Art. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1953.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1958.
Miner, Dorothy E. "The Development of Medieval Illumination." Catholic Life Annual 1 (1958).
Wright, D. "Review of A. Grabar and C. Nordenfalk, Early Medieval Painting from the Fourth to the Eleventh Century." Art Bulletin 43 (1961): 245-255.
Faye, C. U., and W. H. Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. New York: Bibliographical Society of America, 1962.
Wright, D. "The Codex Millenarius and its Model." Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, 3rd series, 15 (1964): 37.
Walters Art Gallery. 2,000 Years of Calligraphy. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1965.
Berkowitz, David S. In Remembrance of Creation: Evolution of Art and Scholarship in the Medieval and Renaissance Bible. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 1968.
Klauser, T. Das romische Capitulare evangeliorum: Texte u. Untersuchen zu s. altesten Geschichte. Vol. I. Munster/Westf.: Aschendorff, 1972.
Mutherich, Florentine. "The Gospel Book W.4 of the Walters Art Gallery and Its Place in the Freising Scriptorium." In Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. Edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall Jr. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1973, pp.115-128.
Nordenfalk, Carl. "A Tenth Century Gospel Book in the Walters Art Gallery." Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. Edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall Jr. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1973.
Randall, Lilian M. C. "Illuminated Manuscripts: Masterpieces in Miniature." The Walters Art Gallery Bulletin and Calendar 37, no. 6 (1984): 1-2.
Clarkson, Christopher. "Rediscovering Parchment: The Nature of the Beast." The Paper Conservator 16 (1992): 5-26.
Burin, Elizabeth. "Mixing Styles on the Pilgrimage Roads: A Romanesque Manuscript in the Walters Art Gallery." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 54 (1996): 9-20.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
Freising, Germany
Second half of the 9th century CE
book
Non-original Binding
German or French nineteenth-century purple velvet over coarsely woven blue canvas over beech boards, with vestiges of old manuscript pastedowns (boards probably sixteenth-century)
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Created in Freising, Germany, ca. 865-75
Germany, nineteenth century
Leon Gruel and Robert Engelmann, Paris, late nineteenth-early twentieth century, no. 78
Henry Walters, Baltimore, MD, February 19, 1917
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest
Freising, Germany
Second half of the 9th century CE
book
The primary language in this manuscript is Latin.
Created in Freising, Germany, ca. 865-75
Germany, nineteenth century
Leon Gruel and Robert Engelmann, Paris, late nineteenth-early twentieth century, no. 78
Henry Walters, Baltimore, MD, February 19, 1917
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest
This Gospel Book was written in the diocese of Freising, Germany, ca. 875. Surprisingly small for a Gospel Book, it is nonetheless richly illuminated and offers an excellent example of Carolingian art and Caroline minuscule script. The expressive and emotive quality of the Evangelist portraits, characterized by quick, sketchy brushwork, recalls the style developed by the Carolingian school of Reims in northern France. The canon tables, however, derive from a different tradition, and recall Franco-Saxon imagery in their use of interlace within the columns and of acanthus springing from the top corners. The manuscript is one of a small group of codices produced at Freising at this time, among them another Gospel Book, Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6215. It is complete, consisting of 215 folios and includes readings for the liturgical year, Jerome's Plures fuisse and Novum opus letters, decorated canon tables, and Evangelist portraits.
Written in Caroline minuscule script; headings, opening lines of textual divisions, and running headlines in square and rustic capitals
Principal cataloger: Walters Art Museum curatorial staff and researchers since 1934
Editor: Herbert, Lynley
Editor: Noel, William
Copy editor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Bockrath, Diane
Contributor: Emery, Doug
Contributor: Hamburger, Jeffrey
Contributor: Noel, William
Contributor: Tabritha, Ariel
Contributor: Toth, Michael B.
Conservator: Owen, Linda
Conservator: Quandt, Abigail
Frere, W. H. Studies in Early Roman Liturgy II: The Roman-Gospel Lectionary. London: Oxford University Press, 1934.
De Ricci, Seymour. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1935, p. 767, no. 62.
Baltimore Museum of Art. The Greek Tradition in Painting and the Minor Arts: An Exhibition Sponsored Jointly by the Baltimore Museum of Art and the Walters Art Gallery from May 15 through June 25, 1939. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1939.
Walters Art Gallery. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949.
Walters Art Gallery. 4,000 Years of Modern Art. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1953.
Diringer, David. The Illuminated Book: Its History and Production. London: Faber and Faber, 1958.
Miner, Dorothy E. "The Development of Medieval Illumination." Catholic Life Annual 1 (1958).
Wright, D. "Review of A. Grabar and C. Nordenfalk, Early Medieval Painting from the Fourth to the Eleventh Century." Art Bulletin 43 (1961): 245-255.
Faye, C. U., and W. H. Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. New York: Bibliographical Society of America, 1962.
Wright, D. "The Codex Millenarius and its Model." Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, 3rd series, 15 (1964): 37.
Walters Art Gallery. 2,000 Years of Calligraphy. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1965.
Berkowitz, David S. In Remembrance of Creation: Evolution of Art and Scholarship in the Medieval and Renaissance Bible. Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 1968.
Klauser, T. Das romische Capitulare evangeliorum: Texte u. Untersuchen zu s. altesten Geschichte. Vol. I. Munster/Westf.: Aschendorff, 1972.
Mutherich, Florentine. "The Gospel Book W.4 of the Walters Art Gallery and Its Place in the Freising Scriptorium." In Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. Edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall Jr. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1973, pp.115-128.
Nordenfalk, Carl. "A Tenth Century Gospel Book in the Walters Art Gallery." Gatherings in Honor of Dorothy E. Miner. Edited by Ursula E. McCracken, Lilian M. C. Randall, and Richard H. Randall Jr. Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1973.
Randall, Lilian M. C. "Illuminated Manuscripts: Masterpieces in Miniature." The Walters Art Gallery Bulletin and Calendar 37, no. 6 (1984): 1-2.
Clarkson, Christopher. "Rediscovering Parchment: The Nature of the Beast." The Paper Conservator 16 (1992): 5-26.
Burin, Elizabeth. "Mixing Styles on the Pilgrimage Roads: A Romanesque Manuscript in the Walters Art Gallery." Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 54 (1996): 9-20.
These are pages that we pulled aside that disrupted the flow of the manuscript reader. These may be bindings, inserts, bookmarks, and various other oddities.
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